NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 Biomolecules

1. What are macromolecules? Give examples?

Ans:  Chemical compounds, which are found in the acid-insoluble fraction are called macromolecules or biomacromolecules. As suggestive of its name, its molecular weights lie above \[1000\] Dalton. Consequently, micro molecules have molecular weights of less than \[1000\] Daltons. 

Examples of macromolecules are—proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, etc. Except for lipids, all the other macromolecules including carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are polymeric substances.

2. What is meant by the tertiary structure of proteins?

Tertiary structure of proteins refers to the folding of a single polypeptide chain into a specific shape that determines the function of protein.

3. Find and write down structures of ten fascinating small molecular weight biomolecules. Find there is any industry that produces the compounds by isolation. Find out who the buyers are.

Ans:  The structures of ten different small molecular weight biomolecules are given below.

Glucose:

Fructose:

Cholesterol:

Ribose:

Deoxyribose:

Tyrosine:

Tryptophan:

Melatonin:

Adenine:

Guanine:

Many industries manufacture compounds by the process of isolation. Some examples are given below.

4. Find out and create a list of proteins utilized as therapeutic agents. List additional uses of proteins (e.g., cosmetics, etc.)

Ans: A list of proteins used as therapeutic agents are given below.

• Both plants and animals give the appropriate proteinaceous materials for the preparation of cosmetic items. Proteins from algae and fungi, though, are also increasingly being utilized as protein sources.

• High-protein plants most widely used as beginning material for making vegetable proteins are wheat and corn gluten, rice, soy, and oat protein concentrates, and defatted oilseeds (almond, peanuts, sunflower). Among the larger variety of vegetable proteins, soy globulins and wheat gluten are by far of the widest use. Wheat gluten (often just known as wheat protein) is a distinctive cereal protein of high elasticity when hydrated. Soy proteins are useful because of their thickening and emulsifying effects.

5. Explain the composition of triglyceride.

Ans: Triglycerides are a type of lipids found in living beings, that are synthesised due to the esterification of three fatty acids with a glycerol molecule. These are also called fats and oils based on their melting points.

Oils have lower melting points as compared to fats. The three fatty acids may be different or the same. Therefore, they may be known as simple or mixed.

6. Can you try the structure of biomolecules utilizing commercially available atomic models (Ball and stick models).

Ans: Yes, we can create models of biomolecules using commercially available atomic models.

7. Draw the structure of the amino acid alanine.

Ans: The structure of alanine is given below.

8. What are gums made of? Is fevicol different?

Ans: Gums are made up of carbohydrates and chemically they are heteropolysaccharides. 

Fevicol is polyvinyl alcohol glue. It is different from natural gums as it is a synthetic product.

9. Find out a qualitative test for proteins, fats and oils, and starch amino acids and test any fruit juice, saliva, sweat, and urine for them.

Ans:

i. A qualitative test for proteins: Xanthoproteic test

ii. A qualitative test for fats: Emulsification test

iii. A qualitative test for oils: Paper test

iv. A qualitative test for starch: Iodine test

10. Find out exactly how much cellulose is produced by the plants in the biosphere and then compare it to how much paper is produced by human beings and therefore, what is the use of plant material by man each year. What a loss of vegetation?

Ans: Most paper is formed from wood pulp. The major component of wood pulp is cellulose, a polymer made of several glucose molecules linked together. The cellulose molecules and their bonding to each other give the paper its properties. Nearly \[33\% \] of everything in the plant matter is cellulose. The cellulose content of wood is \[40 - 50\% \]and that of cotton is\[90\% \]. For industrial use, cellulose is mostly obtained from cotton and wood pulp. It is used primarily to produce paper and paperboard; to a smaller extent. It is converted into a large variety of derivative products like rayon and cellophane.

11. Describe the important properties of enzymes.

Ans: Enzymes are proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions in cells. So, usually, enzymes are proteins but sometimes RNA also behaves catalytically. Catalytic RNAs are called Ribozymes. Each enzyme works best at its optimum temperature. Subsequently, enzymes are proteins, they are denatured at high temperatures.

Enzymes Work Most Excellent At Their Optimal pH

Graph That Displays The Effect of pH On Enzyme Activity

i. With the rise in substrate concentration, the velocity of the enzymatic reaction increases at first. The reaction ultimately achieves a maximum velocity (v max) which is not exceeded by any additional increase in the concentration of the substrate. 

ii. The activity of an enzyme is also sensitive to the presence of particular chemicals (maybe modulators or inhibitors of enzyme action) that bind to the enzyme. 

iii. Enzymes are substrate-specific. Due to the three-dimensional folding of the enzyme, it forms pockets or crevices. One such pocket is called the active site. An active site of the enzyme is a crevice or a pocket at which the substrate binds.

Class 11 Chapter 9 Biomolecules: Quick Overview of Topics Covered 

Deleted Topics In Class 11 Chapter 9: Biomolecules

• Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer

• Dynamic State of Body Constituents- Concept of Metabolism?

• Metabolic Basis of Living

• The Living State

Benefits  of Solutions for Biology Chapter 9 NCERT Biomolecules Class 11

• Teachers of a high calibre have created the Biomolecules class 11 NCERT PDF in Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 with illustrations for easy understanding.

• This chapter includes Various biochemical techniques, such as chromatography, electrophoresis, and spectroscopy, used to study biomolecules and their functions.

• Complex concepts such as the structure of biomolecules are intimately linked to their function, and the structure of biomolecules helps in understanding their roles in living organisms, which is discussed concisely.

• Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA structured and detailed representations, help students easily grasp the concept.

• The Biomolecules Questions and Answers PDF class 11 aims to save students valuable time so they can reap the maximum benefit in less time.

• Biology Chapter 9 biomolecules class 11 questions and answers accurately cover the entire chapter.

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Conclusion

Chapter 9 NCERT biomolecules class 11 provides students with simple and detailed definitions and explanations of each concept covered in the chapter. Therefore, it is highly recommended that students download and refer to our comprehensive and expert-curated class 11 biomolecules NCERT PDF to get a gist of the chapter before the exam and to know how to answer the questions in the exam. Students can also refer to our plethora of other study resources related to this chapter, which are free on our website.

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