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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology 2024-25

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Chapter-Wise Solutions for NCERT Biology Class 12 FREE PDF Download

Vedantu provides NCERT Solutions for Biology, which is a key resource for students who want to navigate the concepts of Biology at the 12th-grade level. These solutions are specially designed to understand the concepts from the NCERT Biology Class 12 book. The aim is to make Biology concepts more accessible for students.

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Table of Content
1. Chapter-Wise Solutions for NCERT Biology Class 12 FREE PDF Download
2. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology | Chapter-wise Links
3. Glance on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology | Vedantu
4. Chapter Wise NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology - Free PDF Download
    4.1Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
    4.2Chapter 2: Human Reproduction
    4.3Chapter 3: Reproductive Health
    4.4Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
    4.5Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
    4.6Chapter 6: Evolution
    4.7Chapter 7: Human Health and Diseases
    4.8Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare
    4.9Chapter 9: Biotechnology Principles and Processes
    4.10Chapter 10: Biotechnology and Its Application
    4.11Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations
    4.12Chapter 12: Ecosystem
    4.13Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation
5. CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus Course Structure 2024-25
6. CBSE Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions 2024-25 - Benefits of NCERT Solutions
7. CBSE Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions 2024-25 - Extra Questions for Practice 
8. Related Important Links for CBSE Class 12 Biology
FAQs


Students can go through these solutions for a better understanding of key concepts and enhance problem-solving skills. The advantage of NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology is its alignment with the latest NCERT Biology syllabus. This ensures that students are well-prepared for their board exams according to the syllabus, as the solutions closely follow the CBSE class 12th Biology syllabus and exam pattern. You can access the NCERT Biology Class 12 PDF FREE Download from this page. 


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology | Chapter-wise Links

Given below are the chapter-wise links for NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology. These solutions are provided by the Biology experts at Vedantu in a detailed manner. You can download FREE PDFs of these chapter-wise solutions to be thoroughly familiar with the concepts.




The Following chapters have been removed from the NCERT Class 12 Biology textbook 2024-25.


  • Reproduction in Organisms

  • Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

  • Environmental Issues


Note:Calculate your potential NEET rank based on marks with our NEET Rank Predictor by Marks!


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Updated Syllabus


Glance on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology | Vedantu

  • NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology for all the questions and answers from Chapters 1 to 13 are provided.

  • Solving the textbook questions Using these solutions can help students analyse their level of preparation and understanding of concepts.

  • The link also provides details about the exam pattern, mark weightage, and question paper design for CBSE Class 12 Biology.

  • The chapters include topics like sexual reproduction in flowering Plants, human reproduction, reproductive health, principles of inheritance and variation,  and more.

  • It also provides resources such as class notes, important questions and answers, exemplar solutions, and other recommended books for further reference.

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Chapter Wise NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology - Free PDF Download

If you follow the right learning technique, studying biology can be the most comfortable and enjoyable experience for you. In Vedantu, we follow the most effective study techniques to make your learning experience easier. So, there are several chapters in class 12th Biology, and you can access and download the chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Biology Class 12 PDF for every chapter from Vedantu. The chapters covered in Biology NCERT Solutions for class 12 PDF are as follows.


Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

This chapter focuses on the sexual reproduction in flowering plants along with the structure, morphology, and processes, including pollination,  seed development, and fruit formation. It further elaborates on concepts like pre-fertilization: Structure and Events, Port fertilization: Structure and Events, Double fertilization, Polyembryony, and Apomixis.


This chapter is very important for Class 12 Boards as it holds a substantial weightage. The important topics that are covered in NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 are:


  • Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

  • Structure and morphology of flowering plants

  • Pre-fertilization, double fertilization, and post-fertilization events in flowering plants

 

Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 1  - Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants



Chapter 2: Human Reproduction

In the Human Reproduction chapter, the reproductive events in humans are discussed. This includes gametogenesis (the formation of gametes). Humans become sexually mature after reaching puberty. The reproductive events related to males and females are different. You will be able to examine these differences in this chapter. The sub-topics discussed in this chapter include the female reproductive system, the male reproductive system, fertilization and implantation, menstrual cycle, gametogenesis, embryonic development and pregnancy, lactation, and parturition.


This chapter is important for the Class 12 examination and explains the human reproduction system with diagrams and illustrations in a detailed manner. The important topics from NCERT Class 12 Chapter 2 Biology  are:


  • Reproductive structures

  • Male and female reproductive systems

  • Role of sex hormones

  • Spermatogenesis

  • Gametogenesis

 

Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 2 - Human Reproduction



 

Chapter 3: Reproductive Health

The previous chapters covered the human reproductive system as well as its functions. In this chapter, a closely related topic is discussed - Reproductive Health. Reproductive health refers to the healthy reproductive organs and their normal functions. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines reproductive health as the total well-being in every aspect of reproduction which includes physical, behavioral, social, and emotional. This chapter will cover subtopics like Reproductive Health - Problems and Strategies, Birth Control, Population Explosion, Medical Termination of Pregnancy, Infertility, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, etc.


The important topics covered under this chapter that are important for Class 12 boards are as follows:


  • Significance of reproductive health

  • Infant mortality 

  • Maternal mortality

  • Amniocentesis

  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases

  • Population Explosion and birth control

 

Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 3 - Reproductive Health



 

Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Genetics is one of the many branches of Biology. It deals with inheritance and the variance of characters in offspring from their parents. The inheritance process involves the characters passed on from the parents to their progeny. In this chapter, concepts like Mendel’s different Laws of Inheritance, Sex Determination, Inheritance of One Gene or Two Genes, Genetic Disorders, and Mutation are discussed in detail.


Through this chapter, students will be able to understand the concept of genetics and evolution. It will teach you sex determination by chromosomes and how parental traits are inherited by their offspring. The important topics covered under NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 are:


  • Mendel’s law of inheritance

  • Inheritance of one gene

  • Inheritance of two genes

  • Mutations

  • Genetic disorders 

 

Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 4 - Principles of Inheritance and Variation



Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

The previous chapters have covered the inheritance patterns as well as the genetic basis of these patterns. During the time of Mendel, the factors that regulated the inheritance pattern were unclear. However, over the next century, the investigation of the nature of putative genetic material saw great strides. It led to the realization that Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is the genetic material for most organisms. Class XI syllabus covered that nucleic acids were polymers of nucleotides. This chapter will cover concepts like the DNA, RNA World, Search for Genetic Materia, Genetic Code, Transcription, Replication, Translation, Human Genome Project, DNA Fingerprinting, and Regulation of Gene Expression.


The important topics covered under NCERT Class 12 Chapter 5 are as follows:


  • Structure of DNA and polynucleotide chain

  • Packaging of DNA helix

  • Properties of DNA

  • RNA 

  • Types of RNA

  • Regulation of gene expression

  • Process of replication, transcription, and translation

  • Human genome project

 

Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 5 - Molecular Basis of Inheritance



Chapter 6: Evolution

The important topics covered in this chapter are as follows:


  • Origin of life

  • Evolution of life forms

  • Biodiversity on Earth

  • Hardy Weinberg Principle


Evolutionary Biology is the field that studies the history of life on Earth. The Evolution Chapter covers subtopics like Origin of Life, Evolution - A Theory, Evidence for Evolution, Adaptive Radiation, Mechanisms of Evolution, Biological Evolution, Hardy Weinberg principle, Origin and Evolution of Man, etc.


Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 6 - Evolution



Chapter 7: Human Health and Diseases

NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 7 will help the students to know about some common diseases in humans and their prevention. 


Health can be Affected by:

  • Genetic Disorders - Conditions with which a child is born or defects or deficiencies they inherit from their parents.

  • Infections.

  • Lifestyle - Habits that we have, water and food that we consume, exercise and rest that we take.


This chapter will explore topics like Common Diseases in Humans, Drugs, Cancer, AIDS, Alcohol Abuse, and Immunity.


Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 7 - Human Health and Diseases



Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare

Apart from macroscopic animals and plants, biological systems have another major component known as microbes. In previous classes, students learned about living organisms and their diversity. Microbes are a diverse group that include bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and microscopic plant and animal viruses. Microbes like many fungi and bacteria can grow on nutritive media and form colonies that are visible to the naked eye. These cultures are very useful while studying microorganisms. In this chapter, topics like Microbes in Industrial Products, Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in Biogas Production, Microbes in Sewage Treatment, Microbes as Biofertilizers, and Microbes in Biocontrol Agents are explained thoroughly.


NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 is important to learn about various diseases which are caused by microbes. Along with this, the chapter also focuses on some of the microbes which are harmless and beneficial to humans.


Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 8 - Microbes in Human Welfare



Chapter 9: Biotechnology Principles and Processes

Biotechnology is a field that deals with the process of using enzymes from organisms or live organisms for producing processes and products that are useful to humans. According to the definition provided by the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB), biotechnology encompasses traditional views as well as modern molecular biotechnology. It is the integration of organisms, cells, and molecular analogues and natural science for services and products. This chapter will cover concepts like Principles of Biotechnology, Recombinant DNA Technology tools and processes, etc.


Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 9 - Biotechnology Principles and Processes



Chapter 10: Biotechnology and Its Application

In the previous chapters, there were concepts covering the industrial-scale production of biologicals and biopharmaceuticals using genetically modified animals, plants, fungi, and microbes. This chapter covers the applications of biotechnology, including diagnostics, therapeutics, genetically modified crops used for agriculture, waste treatment, energy production, bioremediation, and processed food. It also includes concepts like Biotechnical Applications in Medicine and Agriculture, Transgenic Animals, Ethical Issues, etc.


Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 10 - Biotechnology and its Application



Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations

The previous chapters have covered that Ecology involves studying how organisms interact with one another, other organisms, and the physical environment. This chapter involves discussions on biological organization’s four levels - organisms, populations, biomes, and communities. The Ecology at the population and organismic levels are explained in detail. It also includes concepts like Organisms and their Environment and Populations.


Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 11 - Organisms and Populations



Chapter 12: Ecosystem

An Ecosystem can be considered as nature's functional unit where organisms live and interact with each other as well as the surrounding physical environment. The Ecosystem chapter will begin with discussing the ecosystem structure. This will help in understanding the input, transfer of energy, and output. Next comes the relationships that are created because of the energy flows in the system and the inter-relationship, including webs, chains, and cycles. The chapter covers subtopics like Structure and Function of Ecosystem, Decomposition, productivity, Energy Flow, Ecological Succession, Ecological Pyramids, Ecosystem Services, and Nutrient Cycling.


Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 12 - Ecosystem



Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation

The Biodiversity and Conservation chapter covers topics like Species diversity, Genetic diversity, Ecological Diversity, Patterns of Diversity, Loss of Biodiversity, Different types of Species, Biodiversity Conservation, etc. The conservation of Biodiversity might be in situ or ex-situ. In the case of situ conservation, the species that are endangered receive protection in their natural habitat in order to ensure the protection of the entire ecosystem. In ex-situ conservation, the threatened species are protected in botanical gardens and zoological parks through cryopreservation of gametes, tissue culture propagation, and in vitro fertilization.


The important topics covered in this chapter are:

  • Importance and significance of biodiversity

  • Types of Biodiversity

  • Evolution, degradation, and conservation

  • Genetic diversity

  • Species diversity

  • Latitudinal gradients

  • Species area relationship

  • Causes of biodiversity losses

  • In-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation


Explore Study Materials for Class 12 Chapter 13 - Biodiversity and Conservation



CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus Course Structure 2024-25


Units

Chapters

Marks

VI

Reproduction: Chapters – 1, 2 and 3

16

VII

Genetics and Evolution: Chapters – 4 and 5, 6

20

VIII

Biology and Human Welfare: Chapters – 7 and 8

12

IX

Biotechnology and its Applications: Chapters – 9 and 10

12

X

Ecology and Environment Chapters 11, 12  and 13

10


Total

70


CBSE Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions 2024-25 - Benefits of NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions have its own advantages when it comes to preparing the students of CBSE Class 12 Biology:

  • It Is useful for quick revision of all the chapters before exams.

  • It gives an in-depth understanding of complex topics covered in the syllabus.

  • It helps to achieve good grades in exams.

  • The solutions are designed by experts as per the CBSE latest guidelines.

  • They are available online on Vedantu’s official website free of cost.

 

CBSE Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions 2024-25 - Extra Questions for Practice 

  1. What is Sponge’s asexual reproductive structure?

  2. Monohybrid cross involves independent assortment. True or false?

  3. What is the difference between the Menstrual cycle and the Oestrus cycle?

  4. Explain the following:

    1. Scutellum

    2. Apomixis

  5. What is the development process for microspores in angiosperms?

  6. What is the hormone that women produce during pregnancy?

  7. What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?

  8. Name the scientist who rediscovered Mendel’s laws.

  9. What will happen when YyRr is crossed with a wrinkled pea plant? Explain with a diagram.

  10. What is mutagen? Explain using an example.

  11. What is MTP?

  12. Define menarche.

  13. Draw a diagram of the seminiferous tubule and label it.

  14. Which fallopian tube’s part is closest to the ovary?

  15. After fertilisation, what happens to Synergids?

  16. Draw anatropous ovule and label its parts.

  17. What is the difference between geitonogamy, autogamy, and xenogamy?

  18. What do we call the gamete mother cells present in diploid organisms?

  19. What is the cross-pollination process in plants?

 

Related Important Links for CBSE Class 12 Biology



NCERT Class 12 biology solutions provide free access for the students navigating through the problems and doubts related to class 12 biology solutions. This helps students clear their concepts, making them understand the chapters thoroughly.

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology 2024-25

1. How Much do I have to Pay for Accessing the NCERT 12th Bio Solutions?

You do not have to pay for the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology, and you can simply download the PDF file from Vedantu for free.

2. Is the NCERT Books for Class 12 Biology the best reference guide for the students?

Most of the teachers and students use the NCERT Books for teaching and studying respectively. NCERT books are the best reference guide for Class 12 Biology. One of the ways to make the study more efficient is to follow the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology provided by Vedantu. The Vedantu guide offers solutions that are unique and provided by the subject matter experts. As these solutions highlight the CBSE Guidelines, all the topics and significant concepts are covered.

3. Where can I get the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology online?

Most of the students tend to reach out to online sources for the solutions of the NCERT Textbook. Vedantu offers the PDF of the solutions for each chapter online. According to the necessities, you can also download the PDF for free and refer to it while studying offline. As Vedantu provides a solution for all the exercises mentioned in NCERT, if you are stuck while solving a problem, you can easily refer to these solutions online on Vedantu website or on Vedantu app.

4. How many chapters are there in Biology Class 12 NCERT?

Overall, there are 13 chapters in the NCERT for Class 12 Biology as per the latest CBSE syllabus. Vedantu offers solutions in PDF for each chapter. The students can download it for free. The Vedantu Solutions cover a wide range of concepts and the answers are in a simple language for the students to understand efficiently. These solutions are verified by the subject-matter-experts and are provided in a step-by-step manner. Vedantu’s guide also follows the guidelines set by the CBSE Board.

5. Is Class 12 Biology difficult?

As Biology is composed of more theoretical concepts, most of the students may find it challenging to learn the significant terms and processes. Most of the students avoid studying chapters like Biotechnology, Evolution, Genetics and more as they find it difficult to understand. The subject matter experts at Vedantu ensure the students with their verified answers and simple understanding of the processes and terms. With the right learning method and few tricks, any student can score high in Class 12 Biology.

6. Is NCERT Biology enough for NEET?

As the syllabus for NEET is covered in the NCERT, referring to the NCERT Textbook should be the highest priority for the students aiming for NEET. However, it is not enough for the complete preparation of NEET. To overcome this problem, Vedantu conducts live sessions where the experienced subject matter experts take classes and provide the students with essential reading materials. The students are free to ask any doubts or the concepts they need help with understanding.

7. Where can I find sample papers for NCERT Biology Class 12 free PDF?

You can download the sample papers for NCERT Biology Class 12 free PDF from Vedantu’s website.

8. How can I understand the concepts in NCERT Biology instead of just memorising solutions?

Here are some useful tips:

  • Read the chapters carefully before attempting the solutions.

  • Try solving the problems yourself first.

  • Use solutions to verify your answers and understand the thought process behind them.

  • Refer to Vedantu’s online resources or textbooks that explain concepts in detail.

  • Practice summarising key points and drawing diagrams from each chapter.

9.  What is the best topic from Class 12 biology chapters?

In 12th-grade biology, all chapters are important, but some are crucial, like Genetics and Evolution, Biotechnology and Its Applications, and Ecology.